This paper presents a critical discussion of the perspective of the policy of 'recognition.' This concept has given rise to many fields of knowledge, most importantly that concerned with multiculturalism. The study suggests that a need exists to differentiate between policies of recognition and what might be termed 'policies of difference.' The study attempts, within defined criteria, to distinguish between the concept of recognition that guarantees the completion of the process of nation building via multiculturalism (in the context of the nation and citizen state), and policies of difference that lead to the fragmentation of the nation and even the disintegration of the state. The paper puts forward a theoretical framework stemming from the Arab context and internally divided societies more broadly. The study is based on a critical review and reading of the theoretical records in the field.