The Orientalist institution had a significant impact on the thinking of renowned Indian philosopher and poet Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938), and left a clear imprint in some aspects of Iqbal's thinking, especially when it comes to his stance on intellectual trends in the contemporary Islamic world, and the growing trends calling for the modernization of our world. One can clearly see the impact Orientalist thinking had on his work in his famous book Renewal of Religious Thinking in Islam, issued in 1928, which addresses aspects related to renewal of religious thought in Islam. In dealing with these questions, Iqbal deliberately surveyed the views of many Orientalists discussing this aspect, and was keen to refute some of the Orientalist theories that he believed were groundless.