​​​The study seeks to trace, elaborate, and critique John Rawls' position on Islam. It is unique in that it is primarily based on the archive Rawls left behind after his death, which has been studied by the scholar Murad Idris. A full understanding Rawls’s position can only be achieved by examining the philosophical and political contexts that shaped Rawls' views. This includes his conception of international justice, based on the "veil of ignorance" hypothesis, and his engagement with Muslim-related issues (such as the Bosnian War, the invasion of Afghanistan, and the Palestinian cause). Our critique of this position is based both on the general framework of Rawls' philosophy and the cultural context surrounding him, which was influenced by the notions of the "Clash of Civilizations" and the "End of History".