This study discusses the relationship between collective identities and the exclusion of the other. It deals with the history of ideas and its handling of the issue of collective identity as it forcefully surfaced in accordance with actual historical contexts on every occasion. The study explains the distinction in the  context of the concept of self-identities in the epistemological sense, and how this carries with it processes of exclusion, which operate consistently with hegemonic relations. It also examines the causes which lie behind the transnational success of right-wing populism and its parties, and its ability to market ideas of limited social national solidarity, structures of collective identity, associated forms of exclusion of the other, and how they exploit the disenchantment of the precarious social classes in politics of social justice.