Based on the perspective of the German philosopher Ernst Cassirer, this article seeks to reveal the intellectual structure of the Enlightenment, understand its main principles, and highlight the values that contributed to the establishment of modern societies and charted the horizon of its cultural development. To achieve this goal, the paper addresses this issue based on an analytical and critical approach, through which it first defines the essence and nature of enlightenment. The article goes on to discuss the power and dominion of reason, and finally traces the main political aspects of Enlightenment.