Populism was the main basis for the formation of principle of national self-determination, and at that time appeals to ethnicity did not have an inflammatory effect. We can see that the image of society adopted by the Arab intellectual movements when they first appeared was an image of a cultural and historical community in harmony with internal minorities and that preserved the organic political tie with the Turks, which was the same Ottomanism under the rubric being advocated by Islamic reformists such as Rashid Rida, whose counterpart in Czechoslovakia Tomas Masaryk—along with a group of intellectuals—insisted that the Czechs and the Slovaks were a part of the Yugoslavian people, who lacked a definition of national identity.