The Press and the Constitutional Question in Morocco prior to the French Protectorate in 1912

This study examines the emergence of constitutional thought in Morocco, beginning with its earliest developments at the turn of the 20th century. At the time, cultural elites from the Arab Levant had migrated to Morocco and established a number of newspaper presses. These same elites also worked on the drafting of constitutional communiques and the drafting of legislations, in a historical setting characterized by sharp imperialist competition between France and Spain and their respective attempts to monopolize the introduction of “reforms”, which they considered vital to the entrenchment of their colonial influence. This paper seeks to explore these constitutional projects and the way they were influenced by experiences worldwide—including that of Japan’s modernization (the Meiji Restoration)— by attempting to unravel constitutional texts and interpreting their meanings; and by bringing order to these attempts and understanding the principles which governed the internal logic and historical evolution of those documents.

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This study examines the emergence of constitutional thought in Morocco, beginning with its earliest developments at the turn of the 20th century. At the time, cultural elites from the Arab Levant had migrated to Morocco and established a number of newspaper presses. These same elites also worked on the drafting of constitutional communiques and the drafting of legislations, in a historical setting characterized by sharp imperialist competition between France and Spain and their respective attempts to monopolize the introduction of “reforms”, which they considered vital to the entrenchment of their colonial influence. This paper seeks to explore these constitutional projects and the way they were influenced by experiences worldwide—including that of Japan’s modernization (the Meiji Restoration)— by attempting to unravel constitutional texts and interpreting their meanings; and by bringing order to these attempts and understanding the principles which governed the internal logic and historical evolution of those documents.

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